"All disease begins in the gut." Hippocrates
The company has reviewed recent evidence that anthocyanins, the purple pigments in fruits such as plums and berries, could decrease the impact of chronic diseases throughout the body, including the heart and brain. Australian tropical fruits are an underutilized resource of compounds that may improve health. Most medicines are taken orally, absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream, and then travel to all organs, including the brain. They then act on proteins in the brain to alter the functions of selected cells.
Three major current areas of medical research are firstly, the changes produced on the bacteria resident in the intestine, known as the gut microbiome, the changes in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain using the microbiome-gut-brain axis, and the molecular mechanisms that may be selectively activated or inhibited in the brain to produce or moderate disease.
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem providing essential compounds for the body's function. An estimate is that there are approximately 3.8 x 1013 bacteria in the human gut (38 trillion). The number of bacterial genes is more than 100-fold greater than human genes in the body. The gut microbiome is essential for host defence, nutrition, and immune system development. Changes in the microbiome have been linked to the development of brain diseases by mechanisms including the regulation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin, as well as increased inflammation and cell loss in the brain.
Diseases of the brain can be broadly divided into neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, or neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s Disease. The gut microbiome and the brain communicate through bacterial products and the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This communication can change many factors, including diet, stress, and disease. Mechanisms by which anthocyanins could improve brain function include decreased apoptosis, reduced calcium-induced neurotoxicity, reduced oxidant production, reduced cellular stress, and reduced nerve inflammation.
Todd D. Sonoga
GenBio Inc.
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